Thin film copper indium diselenide (CIS) and copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS) solar cells are a promising technology with low material costs and high efficiency. Current CIS/CIGS cells are manufactured in a process that results in a copper (Cu) rich region near the surface of the absorber layer, but enhanced performance has been demonstrated if this region is Cu-poor. Unfortunately, the conversion of the Cu-rich region to a Cu-poor region requires high temperatures (e.g., 1200° C. and higher) which are not practical in manufacturing environments.
from Energy Innovation Portal Technology Ticker https://techportal.eere.energy.gov/technology.do/techID=1573
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