Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are thin films that are both electrically conductive and optically transparent, and therefore used in a wide variety of devices including flat-panel displays and photovoltaic systems. Zinc oxide (ZnO) films, specifically, are commonly used due to the abundance and low toxicity of zinc. Despite their wide adoption, there are problems with these TCOs. Electron mobility, a measure of how quickly charge carriers can move through a conductor, is an important consideration for photovoltaic systems and a limitation of current ZnO TCOs. A ZnO film that allows higher electron mobility while maintaining high current density (these two parameters determine overall conductivity) could enable the creation of more efficient photovoltaic systems.
from Energy Innovation Portal Technology Ticker https://techportal.eere.energy.gov/technology.do/techID=1574
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