Electrodeposition is a method for the low-cost formation of CIGS films that bypasses the expensive steps required for physical vapor deposition (PVD). In addition, electrodeposition has the potential to provide high quality film with very low capital investment, to control deposition rates, and to effectively use materials. However, the electroplating solutions used for the electrodeposition of CIGS films are traditionally not suitable for gallium (Ga) due to Ga’s high plating potential. This high plating potential can result in excessive hydrogen generation at the cathode and can subsequently result in low cathodic efficiency and deposited films with poor quality. To improve upon this limitation, NREL researchers have developed an innovative electroplating solution and electrodeposition technology to form CIGS-based cells.
from Energy Innovation Portal Technology Ticker https://techportal.eere.energy.gov/technology.do/techID=1460
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